Mason Stain Description

Reference Notes

• Can be used as a 'body stain' in porcelain at high temperatures. All of the brown colors can be used as 'body stains' but will vary in shade considerably depending on the composition of the body and temperature at which it is fired.



• Use only as 'body stain.'
  
  Firing temperatures can only be a rough guide. Firing at 2200°F on a slow schedule may give the equivalent maturing as firing at 2300°F on a fast schedule. The cycle, atmosphere, and rate of cooling will affect the color.



• Max. firing limit 2156°F (1180°C).



• Max. firing limit 2300°F (1260°C).



• Max. firing limit 1976°F (1080°C).


Zinc oxide influences the color in a glaze more then any other element. Generally, zincless glazes should contain no magnesium oxide. Some colors containing zinc are to be used in a zincless glaze. The zinc in the color is in a combined form and will not harm the color, but free zinc oxide in the glaze can destroy the color.


• Do not use zinc in glaze.



• May be used with zinc or without zinc.



• Zinc not necessary but gives better results.



• Best results with no zinc.


Calcium oxide content as calcium carbonate should be between 12-15% for best color development. Adding the molecular equivalent of calcium oxide with wollastonite, a natural calcium silicate, often gives better uniformity. The increased silica from the wollastonite must be subtracted or the glaze will have a poor surface.


• Glaze must contain 6.7 to 8.4% CaO (12-15% CaCo3).





Purple

See

#

Lavender

Al

Ca

Co

Cr

Fe

Mn

Ni

Si

Sn

V

Zn

Zr

Ref.

6303

Deep Orchid

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6319

Lavender

X

X

X

X

X

1,3

6331

Orchid

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6332

Orchid

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6333

Lavender

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6381

Blackberry Wine

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6385

Pansy Purple

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6387

Mulberry

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6392

Dusty Lavender

X

X

X

X

3,5,9




Key to Composition Chart

Al	Aluminum oxide	Al2O3
B	Boric oxide	B2O3
Ca	Calcium carbonate	CaO
Co	Cobalt oxide	CoO
Cr	Chromium oxide	Cr2O3
Fe	Iron oxide	Fe2O3
Mn	Manganese dioxide	MnO2
Ni	Nickel oxide	NiO
Pb	Lead oxide	PbO
Pr	Praseodymium oxide	Pr6O11
Sb	Antimony oxide	Sb2O3
Si	Silicon dioxide	SiO2
Sn	Tin dioxide	SnO2
Ti	Titanium oxide	TiO2
V	Vanadium	V2O5
Zn	Zinc oxide	ZnO
Zr	Zirconium dioxide	ZrO2

NOTE: The recommendations made herein are based on research and are believed to be accurate. No guarantee of their accuracy is made, howerever, and the products discussed are sold without warranty, express or implied, and upon such condition that purchasers shall make their own tests to determine the suitability of such products for their particular purposes. Likewise, statements concerning the possible use of these products are not intended as recommendations to use these products in infringement of any patent.

Pink, Crimson,

See

#

Coral

Al

Ca

Cr

Fe

Mn

Si

Sn

V

Zn

Zr

Ref.

6000

Shell Pink

X

X

3,5,9

6001

Alpine Rose

X

X

3,5,9

6002

Rose Pink

X

X

3,5,9

6003

Crimson

X

X

3,5,9

6004

Crimson

X

X

3,5,9

6005

Deep Crimson

X

X

3,5,9

6006

Deep Crimson

X

X

3,5,9

6007

Peach

X

X

X

3,5,9

6008

Peach

X

X

X

3,5,9

6009

Coral

X

X

X

3,5,9

6020

Manganese

Alumina

X

X

1,3

6023

Clover Pink

X

X

X

X

3,5

6029

Persimmon

X

X

X

X

3,8

6031

Deep Salmon

X

X

X

3,5

6032

Coral

X

X

3

6052

Doll Flesh

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6065

Chrome

Alumina Pink

X

X

1,3,6

6067

Pink Extender

X

X

X

3,5

6090

Coral

X

X

X

3,5,9

6098

Flesh

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

Browns &

See

#

Oranges

Al

Ca

Co

Cr

Fe

Mn

Si

Sn

Ti

V

Zn

Zr

Ref.

6100

Woodland Brown

X

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6101

Chestnut Brown

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6103

Golden

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6104

Fawn

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6107

Dark Golden

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6108

Walnut

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6109

Deep Brown

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6113

Claret

X

X

X

3,6,7

6119

Russet

X

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6121

Saturn Orange

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6122

Cedar

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6123

Saddle

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6124

Chocolate

X

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6125

Leather

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6126

Hazelnut

X

X

X

X

3,7

6128

Camel

X

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6129

Golden Ambrosia

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6131

Titanium Iron

X

X

1a,3,6

6134

Red Brown

X

X

X

3,6,7

6149

Iron Silicate

X

X

3,6,7

6153

Seal Brown

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6157

Medium

X

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6160

Dark Chocolate

X

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6163

Terra Cotta

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6181

Sandstone

X

X

X

X

3,6,7

6190

Deep Brown

X

X

X

3,6,7

6194

Manganese Silicate

X

X

3,6,7

See

#

Yellows

Al

Cr

Fe

Pr

Sb

Si

Sn

Ti

V

Zn

Zr

Ref.

6404

Vanadium

X

X

1,3,6

6405

Naples

X

X

X

X

3,6

6406

Buttercup

X

X

X

X

3,6

6407

Marigold

X

X

X

X

3,6

6433

Praseodymium

X

X

X

3,6

6440

Vanadium

X

X

1,3,6

6450

Praseodymium

X

X

X

3,6

6464

Zirconium

X

X

1,3,6

6471

Old Gold

X

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6485

Titanium

X

X

X

1a,3

See

#

Grey

Al

Co

Cr

Fe

Mn

Ni

Si

Sn

V

Zr

Ref.

6500

Sage

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6503

Taupe

X

X

X

X

X

3,5

6506

Pearl

X

X

X

X

X

3,6

6515

Soft Medium

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,5

6523

Soft Green

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,5

6527

Shadow

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,5

6528

Charcoal

X

X

X

X

X

3,6

6530

Silver

X

X

X

X

X

3,6

6531

Slate

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6537

Mouse

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6540

Blue- Grey

X

X

X

X

X

3,6

6572

Neutral

X

X

X

3,5

6573

Rose Taupe

X

X

X

X

X

3,5

6591

Gun- Metal

X

X

X

3,6

See

#

Greens

Al

Ca

Co

Cr

Fe

Ni

Pr

Si

Sn

V

Zn

Zr

Ref.

6200

Evergreen

X

X

X

3,5

6201

Celadon

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6,8

6202

Florentine

X

X

X

1,3,6,8

6204

Victoria Green

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6206

Grass Green

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6207

Celeste

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6209

Chrome Green

X

X

3,5

6211

Pea Green

X

X

X

1,3,6,8

6219

French

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,5,8

6221

Turquiose

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,5

6223

Ivy

X

X

X

3,5

6224

Dark Green

X

X

X

X

X

3,5

6226

Dark Leaf

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6,8

6236

Chartreuse

X

X

X

1,3,6

6242

Bermuda

X

X

X

X

3,6

6244

Deep Sea

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6 ,8

6246

Blue Green

X

X

X

X

X

3,6,8

6263

Victoria

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6265

Leaf Green

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6266

Peacock

X

X

1,3,6,8

6267

Emerald

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6268

Sea Green

X

X

X

X

1,3,6,8

6271

Mint

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

6274

Nickel Silicate

X

X

1,3

6280

Avocado

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,6

6288

Turquoise

X

X

X

X

X

3,5,9

See

#

Blue

Al

Co

Cr

Fe

Ni

Si

Sn

V

Zn

Zr

Ref.

6300

Mazerine

X

X

X

1,3,6

6302

Cadet

X

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6305

Teal

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6306

Vivid Blue

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6307

Pastel Blue

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6308

Delphenium

X

X

X

1,3,6

6310

Wedgewood

X

X

X

1,3,6

6313

Medium Blue

X

X

X

1,3,6

6320

Delft

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6330

Cobalt Aluminate

X

X

1,3,6

6336

Peacock

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,6

6338

Cobalt Meta Silicate

X

X

1,3,6

6339

Royal

X

X

X

1,3,6

6343

Mediterranean Blue

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6360

Willow

X

X

X

X

X

3,5

6363

Sky Blue

X

X

X

1,3,6

6364

Turquoise

X

X

1,3,6

6368

Copen Blue

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6371

Dark Teal

X

X

X

1,3,6

6373

Turquoise

X

X

X

X

X

3,6

6376

Robin's Egg

X

X

1,3,6

6379

Cerulean

X

X

1,3,6

6383

Cobalt Aluminate

X

X

1,3,6

6386

Navy Blue

X

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6388

Mazerine

X

X

1,3,6

6390

Deep Turquoise

X

X

1,3,6

6393

Turquoise

X

X

X

X

X

3,6

6396

Peacock

X

X

X

X

X

1,3,6

6398

Deep Peacock

X

X

X

1,3,6

									See
#	Blacks	Co	Cr	Fe	Mn	Ni	Sn	Zn	Ref.
6600	Best Black	X	X	X		X			1,3,6
6601	Velvet Black	X	X	X		X		X	1,3,6
6609	Black	X	X	X	X	X	X		1,3,6
6616	Chrome Free	X		X	X				1,3,6
6650	Cobalt Free		X	X					3,5
6657	Black	X	X	X					3,5
6666	Cobalt Free		X	X	X				3,5

	White- Flux								See
#	Extender	Al	B	Ca	Pb	Si	Sn	Zr	Ref.
6700	White	X				X		X	3,6
6768	Tin White	X				X	X		3,6
6908	Flux		X		X	X			2
6910	Flux		X		X	X			2
6942	Flux	X	X	X	X	X			2
6950	Flux		X		X	X			2
6983	Flux		X		X	X			2




Definition of a Stain
A stain is essentially an oxide or series of oxides and opacifiers which have been blended together, calcined (or fired), then ground to a 200 or so mesh powder. The reasons for using stain versus an oxide, etc., are
(1) stability of color - an important criteria for wall tiles, sanitary ware, etc.
(2) Insolubility - an insoluble (in water) stain greatly diminishes the risk in handling wet glazes when dipping, pouring, etc.
(3) Color - the fired color of most stains is identical to the raw color because it has already been fired.
It is, therefore, easier to use or; mix to achieve another color. It can also be mixed with a variety of medium to turn them into china paints, enamels, silk screen colors, decals, etc.

Extenders for Stains
White extender (#6700 White) can be used to lighten all colors except pinks. Tin white (#6768) extender is useful for lightening cobalt blues. It is not recommended with other stains. Add 15 - 20% of extender to stain as a starting point.
Fluxes
Stains can also be used with a flux, such as Frit 3124, so they can be used as an underglaze. It will also keep the stain from rubbing or powdering off after firing. Start with 5 - 15%.

Stains, like oxides, can be use to color a glaze or; a clay or slip body. Percentages are approximately 1 - 10% for a glaze, use double that amount for clay or slip. The lighter the clay or slip the more intense the color will be. When working with a glaze, check the Mason Stain reference chart (available on request) for guidelines on using the stain with whiting, zinc and /or tin. This chart will also state the maximum temperature at which each stain can be used. USUALLY a base glaze should have 12 - 15% whiting and NO ZINC because zinc affects chrome-tin pinks and chrome calcium greens. When opacifying a glaze a zirconium opacifier will usually work well. Tin will also work with chrome-tin pinks, vanadium yellows and cobalt blues.




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